AbstractTheodore Dreiser, an American novelist, had experienced financial insecurity in hisfamily and tasted the bitterness of poverty. So, through the contrast of affluenceand poverty, he depicted class distinction, oppressive ideologies, and socialinequality in a capitalist and consumerist society in his literary works. It isperceivable that through a Marxist reading of his works, one can feel the way hetried to portray the urban capitalist society in America in the late nineteenthcentury and the negative effects of capitalism on individuals and their behavior andvalues. This paper intends to discuss Marxist critique of class oppression,commodification, and consumerism in Dreiser’s Sister Carrie. The characters inthis novel commodify and oppress one another in order to achieve their ownpersonal goals; someone victimizes another person to his own convenience andbecomes a social climber while there is no financial security for the other one whofalls to misery.
The difficult conditions of the workers and the lower class versusthe comfortable conditions of the higher class in such a capitalist society arediscussed in Dreiser’s Sister Carrie. Besides, the ruling class constructed falseideologies which just benefit them and they instill these ideologies into the mindsof the lower class and in this way the labor source, or base, is governed by thesuperstructure.
So, the role of ideology in the society and the Marxist view of itsfunction in capitalist society are also discussed in this paper.
Karl Heinrich Marx tended to focus on considering how class struggle, oppressive ideologies, and social inequality are portrayed in literary texts throughout history in order to find a definite structural cause behind the modern exploitative capitalist system. One of these historical literary texts that attracted Marx’s attention was William Shakespeare’s to which he referred a lot. This paper intends to analyze Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Merchant of Venice in the light of Marxism to expose the upper classes’ oppressive behavior, their unethical victimization, exploitation, and commodification of the lower classes. Consequently, through a Marxist reading of Shakespeare’s plays, one can perceive that there are vivid links between Marxist and Shakespearean thinking, especially the similarities of thought held by each on the subjects of class oppression and commodification. Shakespeare portrayed the bitter social facts which Marxist thought tends to agree with.1Abrams, M.H.
A Glossary of Literary Terms. Australia: Thomson.2Bloom, H., ed. Bloom’s Modern Critical Interpretations: William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice. New York: Infobase Publishing.3Donaldson, E. T., David, A., Smith, H., Lewalski, B. K., Adams, R.
M., and et al. The Norton Anthology of English Literature.
London: Norton.4Eagleton, T. Literary Theory: An Introduction. United States: University of Minnesota Press.5Ferber, M. The Ideology of The Merchant of Venice.
English Literary Renaissance, Volume 20, Issue 3, pp. 431-464.6Guerin, W. L., Labor, E., Morgan, L., Reesman, J. C., and Willingham, J.
A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature. New York: Oxford University Press.7Habib, M.
A History of Literary Criticism and Theory: From Plato to the Present. USA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.8Hatlen, B. Fuedal and Bourgeois Concepts of Value in The Merchant of Venice. The Bucknell Review, Volume 25, Issue 1, pp.
91.9Lim, W. Surety and Spiritual Commercialism in The Merchant of Venice. SEL Studies in English Literature 1500-1900, Volume 50, Issue 2, pp. 355-382.10Mahon, J.
W., & Mahon, E. The Merchant of Venice: New Critical Essays. New York: Routledge.11Marx, K.
Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844. Milligan, and D.
Marx/Engels Collected Works. New York: International Publishers.12Marx, K.
The German Ideology. Marx/Engels Collected Works. New York: International Publishers.13Marx, K., and Friedrich, E.
The Communist Manifesto. London: Penguin.14Muir, K. Timon of Athens and the Cash Nexus. Modern Quarterly Miscellany, Volume 1, pp.
Download Dragonball Advanced Adventure ROM for Gameboy Advance(GBA) and Play Dragonball Advanced Adventure Video Game on your PC, Mac,. Dragon ball advanced adventure free download. Download Dragon Ball - Advanced Adventure ROM for Gameboy Advance to play on your pc, mac, android or iOS mobile device.
57-76.15Ruccio, David F. The Merchant of Venice, or Marxism in the Mathematical Mode. Rethinking Marxism: A Journal of Economics, Culture & Society, Volume 1, Issue 4, pp. Retrieved from W. London: Wordsworth Classics.17Shakespeare, W. The Merchant of Venice. New York and London: Penguin Publishing.18Smith, C.
Shakespeare's Influence on Marx, Freud and the Frankfurt School Critical Theorists. United Kingdom: University of Warwick.19Stallybrass, P. “Well grubbed, old mole”: Marx, Hamlet, and the (un)fixing of representation. In Marxist Shakespeare, ed. Howard and S. Shershow, 115-132.
London: Routledge.20Tyson, L. Critical Theory Today, A User-Friendly Guide. London: Routledge.21Wells, S, ed. Shakespeare Survey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
.Zabell, Joseph R; Adejoro, Oluwakayode; Jarosek, Stephanie L; Elliott, Sean P; Konety, Badrinath R2016-10-01Prostate cancer remains a common disease that is frequently treated with multimodal therapy. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of treatment of the primary tumor on survival in men who go onto receive chemotherapy for prostate cancer. Using surveillance, epidemiology and end results (SEER)-Medicare data from 1992 to 2009, we identified a cohort of 1614 men who received chemotherapy for prostate cancer. Primary outcomes were prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) and all-cause mortality (ACM).
We compared survival among men who had previously undergone radical prostatectomy (RP), radiation therapy (RT), or neither of these therapies. Propensity score adjusted Cox proportional hazard models and weighted Kaplan-Meier curves were used to assess survival. Compared to men who received no local treatment, PCSM was lower for men who received RP ± RT (HR 0.65, p.Rafii, Forough; Nasrabadi, Alireza Nikbakht; Forooshani, Zahra Sadat Dibaji2016-06-01The professional satisfaction of staff is one of the most challenging organizational concepts that can enhance the efficiency level of organizations. In a similar vein, the professional satisfaction of nurses is of considerable importance, in that, professional dissatisfaction among nurses could result in emotional detachment, depression, anger, evasion from work, and inefficacy and would negatively impact the organization's work rate.
The aim of this study was to understand Iranian nurses' experiences of the concept of professional satisfaction. This was a qualitative study conducted with a targeted sampling of 10 nurses (4 men and 6 women) in 2015. The data were collected through conducting in-depth interviews, and textual data were analyzed subsequently using the Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) method.
The findings of this study pointed to 'fair conduct,' which was comprised of three sub-categories, i.e., expectation of fairness in social-professional settings, expectation of fairness in receiving professional benefits, and expectation of fairness in the area of professional interactions. There are various ups and downs in nursing due to the challenging nature of the profession, from the initial education at the university until retirement. According to the findings of this study, a lack of fairness in social-professional settings, a lack of fairness in receiving professional benefits, and a lack of fairness in the area of professional interactions were among the factors that have great impacts on the degree of professional dissatisfaction among nurses.Valizadeh, Leila; Zamanzadeh, Vahid; Rahmani, Azad; Howard, Fuchsia; Nikanfar, Ali-Reza; Ferguson, Caleb2012-06-01This study explored Iranian patients' experiences of cancer disclosure, paying particular attention to the ways of disclosure.
Twenty cancer patients were invited to participate in this qualitative inquiry by research staff in the clinical setting. In-depth, semistructured interview data were analyzed through content analysis. The rigor of the study was established by principles of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability.
Four themes emerged: the atmosphere of non-disclosure, eventual disclosure, distress in knowing, and the desire for information. Non-disclosure was the norm for participants, and all individuals involved made efforts to maintain an atmosphere of non-disclosure. While a select few were informed of their diagnosis by a physician or another patient, the majority eventually became aware of their diagnosis indirectly by different ways.
All participants experienced distress after disclosure. The participants wanted basic information about their prognosis and treatments from their treating physicians, but did not receive this information, and encountered difficulty accessing information elsewhere. These challenges highlight the need for changes in current medical practice in Iran, as well as patient and healthcare provider education. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.Nahuis, M J; Kose, N; Bayram, N; van Dessel, H J H M; Braat, D D M; Hamilton, C J C M; Hompes, P G A; Bossuyt, P M; Mol, B W J; van der Veen, F; van Wely, M2011-07-01Long-term effects of laparoscopic electrocautery of the ovaries are unknown.
To study the long-term effects of laparoscopic electrocautery of the ovaries and gonadotrophins, we followed women with clomiphene-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) randomly allocated to one of these treatments until 8-12 years after their initial treatment. Between February 1998 and October 2001 168 women with clomiphene citrate-resistant PCOS were included in a randomized controlled trial comparing an electrocautery strategy to a strategy starting with rFSH. In 2009 these women were contacted about their reproductive outcome and menstrual cycle regularity. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. We compared time to conception resulting in live birth, subsequent pregnancies, ectopic and multiple pregnancies, menopause, as well as minimal and maximal menstrual cycle length.
After 8-12 years, the cumulative proportion of women with a first child was 86% in women who had been allocated to electrocautery versus 81% in women who had been allocated to immediate rFSH relative ratio (RR): 1.1; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.92-1.2. Treatment with electrocautery resulted in a significantly lower need for stimulated cycles to reach a live birth; 53% after electrocautery versus 76% after rFSH (RR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.55-0.88).The cumulative proportion of women with a second child was 61% after electrocautery versus 46% after immediate rFSH (RR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.00-1.9). Overall, there were 7 twins out of 134 deliveries (5%) after electrocautery versus 10 twins out of 124 deliveries (8%) in the rFSH group (RR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.25-1.6). Fifty-four per cent of the women allocated to electrocautery had a regular menstrual cycle 8-12 years after randomization versus 36% in those allocated to rFSH (RR: 1.5; 95% CI: 0.87-2.6). In women with clomiphene-resistant PCOS, laparoscopic electrocautery of the ovaries is as effective as ovulation induction with FSH treatment in terms of live births, but reduces.Barnes, S.W.1959-08-25An improvement in a calutron receiver for collecting the isotopes ts described. The electromagnetic separation of the isotopes produces a mass spectrum of closely adjacent beams of ions at the foci regions, and a dividing wall between the two pockets is arranged at an angle. Substantially all of the tons of the less abundant isotope enter one of the pockets and strike one side of the wall directly, while substantially none of the tons entering the other pocket strikes the wall directly.Ghorashi, Zohreh; Merghati-Khoei, Effat; Yousefy, Alireza2014-01-01The cultural compatibility of sexually related instruments is problematic because the contexts from which the concepts and meanings were extracted may be significantly different from related contexts in a different society.
This paper describes the instruments that have been used to assess sexual behaviors, primarily in Western contexts. Then, based on the instruments’ working definition of ‘sexual behavior’ and their theoretical frameworks, we will (1) discuss the applicability or cultural compatibility of existing instruments targeting women's sexual behaviors within an Iranian context, and (2) suggest criteria for sexually related tools applicable in Iranian settings. Iranian women's sexual scripts may compromise the existing instruments’ compatibility. Suggested criteria are as follows: understanding, language of sexuality, ethics and morality. Therefore, developing a culturally comprehensive measure that can adequately examine Iranian women's sexual behaviors is needed. PMID:25250346.Shariati, Mohammad2003-01-01Presents three major types of language awareness elicited during a pilot study, using data collection instruments, such as interviews and tape recordings of the conversations of two groups of Iranian children living in the United Kingdom. Iran, all domestic transactions with respect to Iranian-origin goods located in the United States are.
Services of Iranian origin or owned or controlled by the Government of Iran that are located or to be. Owned or controlled by the Government of Iran, except that the following transactions are authorized: (1.2011-07-01. Iran, all domestic transactions with respect to Iranian-origin goods located in the United States are. Services of Iranian origin or owned or controlled by the Government of Iran that are located or to be. Owned or controlled by the Government of Iran, except that the following transactions are authorized: (1.2010-07-01.
Iran, all domestic transactions with respect to Iranian-origin goods located in the United States are. Services of Iranian origin or owned or controlled by the Government of Iran that are located or to be. Owned or controlled by the Government of Iran, except that the following transactions are authorized: (1.2010-07-01. 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 false Iran; Iranian Entity. 535.301 Section 535.301 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF. § 535.301 Iran; Iranian Entity. (a) The term Iran and Iranian Entity includes: (1) The state and the.2011-07-01.
31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 false Iran; Iranian Entity. 535.301 Section 535.301 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF. § 535.301 Iran; Iranian Entity. (a) The term Iran and Iranian Entity includes: (1) The state and the.2013-07-01. 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 false Iran; Iranian Entity. 535.301 Section. § 535.301 Iran; Iranian Entity.
(a) The term Iran and Iranian Entity includes: (1) The state and the Government of Iran as well as any political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof or any territory.2012-07-01. 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 false Iran; Iranian Entity. 535.301 Section. § 535.301 Iran; Iranian Entity.
(a) The term Iran and Iranian Entity includes: (1) The state and the Government of Iran as well as any political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof or any territory.2014-07-01. 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 false Iran; Iranian Entity. 535.301 Section. § 535.301 Iran; Iranian Entity. (a) The term Iran and Iranian Entity includes: (1) The state and the Government of Iran as well as any political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof or any territory.Hunt, Arlon J.1983-01-01The apparatus for collecting radiant energy and converting same to alternate energy form includes a housing having an interior space and a radiation transparent window allowing, for example, solar radiation to be received in the interior space of the housing. Means are provided for passing a stream of fluid past said window and for injecting radiation absorbent particles in said fluid stream. The particles absorb the radiation and because of their very large surface area, quickly release the heat to the surrounding fluid stream.
The fluid stream particle mixture is heated until the particles vaporize. The fluid stream is then allowed to expand in, for example, a gas turbine to produce mechanical energy. In an aspect of the present invention properly sized particles need not be vaporized prior to the entrance of the fluid stream into the turbine, as the particles will not damage the turbine blades. In yet another aspect of the invention, conventional fuel injectors are provided to inject fuel into the fluid stream to maintain the proper temperature and pressure of the fluid stream should the source of radiant energy be interrupted.Salsali, Mahvash2005-07-27The main objective of this study was to determine the perceptions of Iranian nurse educators and students regarding the evaluation of teaching effectiveness in university-based programs.
Apr 26, 2016 ghost on touch screen of windows 10, ghost touch asus, ghost touch asus vivobook tp201sa, ghost touch in windows 10, ghost touch windows 10, how to resolve ghost touch in windows 10, switch 10 ghost touch on the start button, windows tablet ghost touch. Jul 30, 2018 Fix Ghost Touch Screen Issue on Windows 10 Method 1- Check the Hardware. Try to wipe the screen of your touch screen laptop. Method 2- Modify Related Settings. Step 1: Open Control Panel Hardware and sound. Method 3- Disable the Hid-compliant Touch Screen. Method 4- Use Windows Troubleshoot. Windows 10 ghost touch.
An exploratory descriptive design was employed. 143 nurse educators in nursing faculties from the three universities in Tehran, 40 undergraduate, and 30 graduate students from Tehran University composed the study sample. In addition, deans from the three nursing faculties were interviewed. A researcher-developed questionnaire was used to determine the perceptions of both faculty and students about evaluating the teaching effectiveness of nurse educators, and an interview guide was employed to elicit the views of deans of faculties of nursing regarding evaluation policies and procedures. Data were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric statistics to identify similarities and differences in perceptions within the Iranian nurse educator group and the student group, and between these two groups of respondents. While faculty evaluation has always been a major part of university based nursing programs, faculty evaluation must be approached more analytically, objectively, and comprehensively to ensure that all nursing educators receive the fairest treatment possible and that the teaching-learning process is enhanced.
Educators and students stressed that systematic and continuous evaluation as well as staff development should be the primary goals for the faculty evaluation process. The ultimate goals is the improvement of teaching by nurse educators.Shakerifar, Elhum2011-01-01Transsexuality in Iran has gained much attention and media coverage in the past few years, particularly in its questionable depiction as a permitted loophole for homosexuality, which is prohibited under Iran's Islamic-inspired legal system. Of course, attention in the West is also encouraged by the “shock” that sex change is available in Iran, a country that Western media and society delights in portraying as monolithically repressive. As a result, Iranian filmmakers inevitably have their own agendas, which are unsurprisingly brought into the film making process—from a desire to sell a product that will appeal to the Western market, to films that endorse specific socio-political agendas.Aghagolzadeh, Ferdows; Davari, Hossein2014-01-01Reviewing and discussing the development of critical studies in the field of applied linguistics in general and English language teaching (ELT) in particular in Iran, this paper attempts to highlight the main contributions in this field. Introducing a new growing critical-oriented shift in Iranian ELT community as the one which has been mostly.Ashrafi, Farzad; Mohammadhassanzadeh, Hafez; Shokraneh, Farhad; Valinejadi, Ali; Johari, Karim; Saemi, Nazanin; Zali, Alireza; Mohaghegh, Niloofar; Ashayeri, Hassan2012-12-01The purpose of this study is to analyse Iranian scientific publications in the neuroscience subfields by librarians and neuroscientists, using Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) via Web of Science data over the period, 2002-2008. Data were retrieved from the SCIE.
Data were collected from the 'subject area' of the database and classified by neuroscience experts into 14 subfields. To identify the citation patterns, we applied the 'impact factor' and the 'number of publication'. Data were also analysed using HISTCITE, Excel 2007 and SPSS. Seven hundred and thirty-four papers have been published by Iranian between 2002 and 2008. Findings showed a growing trend of neuroscience papers in the last 3 years with most papers (264) classified in the neuropharmacology subfield.
There were fewer papers in neurohistory, psychopharmacology and artificial intelligence. International contributions of authors were mostly in the neurology subfield, and 'Collaboration Coefficient' for the neuroscience subfields in Iran was 0.686 which is acceptable. Most international collaboration between Iranians and developed countries was from USA. Eighty-seven percent of the published papers were in journals with the impact factor between 0 and 4; 25% of papers were published by the researchers affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Progress of neuroscience in Iran is mostly seen in the neuropharmacology and the neurology subfields.
Other subfields should also be considered as a research priority by health policymakers. As this study was carried out by the collaboration of librarians and neuroscientists, it has been proved valuable for both librarians and policymakers. This study may be encouraging for librarians from other developing countries. © 2012 The authors. Health Information and Libraries Journal © 2012 Health Libraries Group.Moaddel, MansoorIn 2000, we asked a nationally representative sample of 2,532 Iranian adults 'which of the following best describes you: I am an Iranian, above all; I am a Muslim, above all; I am an Arab, a Kurd, a Turk, a Baluch, etc., above all?' We also asked them how proud they are to be Iranian; (1) very proud, (2) proud, (3) not proud, and (4) not proud at all.
In the 2005 survey of a nationally representative sample of 2,667 Iranian adults, we asked these questions again. The first question was intended to measure national identity and the second national pride. The results showed that between the two surveys the percent of Iranians who defined themselves as ' Iranians, above all' went up significantly-from 35% in 2000 to 42% in 2005. Those who said that they were very proud to be Iranian, on the other hand, went down considerably-from 89% in 2000 to 64% in 2005.
What is more, national identity and national pride displayed opposing relationships with the norms and values that were rigorously promoted by Iran's religious regime and these relationships grew stronger between 2000 and 2005. The feeling of national pride was positively linked to attitudes toward gender inequality, religiosity, and religious intolerance, but negatively to attitudes toward the West, while national identity had just the opposite relationships with these variables.Bayat, Mohammad; Shariati, Mahsa; Rajaeirad, Fatemeh; Yekaninejad, Mir Saeed; Momen-Heravi, Fatemeh; Davoudmanesh, Zeinab2018-06-01Facial anthropometric measurement is considered an essential concern of surgeons, orthodontists, artists and forensic scientists. The aim of this study is to investigate facial anthropometric norms of the young Iranian population.
The study participants consisted of 200 healthy Iranian students (100 males, 100 females) aged 18-25 years old. Twenty-three liner and four angular measurements were investigated twice by a dentist. Independent-samples t test was used to compare indices between males and females and also between countries. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. It was found that the mean measurements of c'-sn' of both sides, nasolabial angle, trichion-gnathion, tragion-tragion and gnathion-gnathion were statistically greater in Iranian males than in females ( p.
M.1984-01-01The underlying principles of operation of microwave receivers for space observations of planetary surfaces were examined. The design philosophy of the receiver as it is applied to operate functionally as an efficient receiving system, the principle of operation of the key components of the receiver, and the important differences among receiver types are explained. The operating performance and the sensitivity expectations for both the modulated and total power receiver configurations are outlined.
The expressions are derived from first principles and are developed through the important intermediate stages to form practicle and easily applied equations. The transfer of thermodynamic energy from point to point within the receiver is illustrated.
The language of microwave receivers is applied statistics.Ajallouyan, Mohammad; Radfar, Shokofeh; Nouhi, Sima; Tavallaie, Seid Abbas; Amirsalari, Susan; Yousefi, Jaleh; Hasanali Fard, Mahdieh2016-01-01Background It seems that there is a relationship between consanguinity and profound hearing loss but there is little data about the association of consanguinity and hearing loss in Iran. Objectives The aim of this study is to demonstrate the causes of profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss among Iranian samples who are candidates for cochlear implantation. Methods This study was retrospective, analytical, and designed to collect information about profound hearing impaired cases referred to the Baqiyatallah Cochlear implantation center using enumeration. A total of 310 children with profound hearing impairments participated in this study. They were aged from 6 months to 4 years old. The study was done between January 2007 and April 2009.
Chi-square tests were used to show whether there was any statistical difference between the incidence of marital consanguinity of their parents and the normal population. Results Sixty-five percent of those 310 children had parents who had married with their relatives. Of the 203 (65%) parents that had consanguineous marriages, 132 were first cousins, which includes the children of two brothers (37 11.8% patrilateral parallel cousins), the children of two sisters (38 12.2% multi-lateral parallel cousins), or the children of a brother and a sister (57 18.3% cross cousins). Fifty-four (17.4%) of the parents were second cousins and 17 (5.2%) were beyond second cousins. Also, hearing loss etiology was obvious in 237 (76.3%) of the patients with profound hearing loss but was unknown in 73 (23.7%). Hereditary was identified as the most common cause in 33% of the cases.
Conclusions Our data demonstrated a 65% occurrence of consanguineous marriage among the parents of deaf children, which is statistically different from the percentage of consanguineous marriage among Iranian population (38%). This indicates an obvious relationship between severe hearing loss and consanguineous marriage. PMID:28191326.Ajallouyan, Mohammad; Radfar, Shokofeh; Nouhi, Sima; Tavallaie, Seid Abbas; Amirsalari, Susan; Yousefi, Jaleh; Hasanali Fard, Mahdieh2016-11-01It seems that there is a relationship between consanguinity and profound hearing loss but there is little data about the association of consanguinity and hearing loss in Iran. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the causes of profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss among Iranian samples who are candidates for cochlear implantation. This study was retrospective, analytical, and designed to collect information about profound hearing impaired cases referred to the Baqiyatallah Cochlear implantation center using enumeration. A total of 310 children with profound hearing impairments participated in this study. They were aged from 6 months to 4 years old.
The study was done between January 2007 and April 2009. Chi-square tests were used to show whether there was any statistical difference between the incidence of marital consanguinity of their parents and the normal population.
Sixty-five percent of those 310 children had parents who had married with their relatives. Of the 203 (65%) parents that had consanguineous marriages, 132 were first cousins, which includes the children of two brothers (37 11.8% patrilateral parallel cousins), the children of two sisters (38 12.2% multi-lateral parallel cousins), or the children of a brother and a sister (57 18.3% cross cousins). Fifty-four (17.4%) of the parents were second cousins and 17 (5.2%) were beyond second cousins. Also, hearing loss etiology was obvious in 237 (76.3%) of the patients with profound hearing loss but was unknown in 73 (23.7%).
Hereditary was identified as the most common cause in 33% of the cases. Our data demonstrated a 65% occurrence of consanguineous marriage among the parents of deaf children, which is statistically different from the percentage of consanguineous marriage among Iranian population (38%). This indicates an obvious relationship between severe hearing loss and consanguineous marriage.Hunt, Arlon J.; Hansen, Leif J.; Evans, David B.1985-01-01A receiver for converting solar energy to heat a gas to temperatures from 700.degree.-900.degree. The receiver is formed to minimize impingement of radiation on the walls and to provide maximum heating at and near the entry of the gas exit. Also, the receiver is formed to provide controlled movement of the gas to be heated to minimize wall temperatures.
The receiver is designed for use with gas containing fine heat absorbing particles, such as carbon particles.Hunt, A.J.; Hansen, L.J.; Evans, D.B.1982-09-29A receiver is described for converting solar energy to heat a gas to temperatures from 700 to 900/sup 0/C. The receiver is formed to minimize impingement of radiation on the walls and to provide maximum heating at and near the entry of the gas exit. Also, the receiver is formed to provide controlled movement of the gas to be heated to minimize wall temperatures. The receiver is designed for use with gas containing fine heat absorbing particles, such as carbon particles.Soofi, Hojjat2016-06-01Sigrid Fry-Revere's The Kidney Sellers: A Journey of Discovery in Iran, an allegedly first-hand examination of the Iranian paid kidney donation model, has been criticized by Koplin in an essay formerly published in the Monash Bioethics Review. Koplin especially challenges Fry-Revere's claim that financially compensating kidney vendors might facilitate altruistic kidney donation.
The current situation in Iran, according to Koplin, suggests that the market model has undermined altruistic donation. On this point, this commentary tries to show that healthcare policymakers in Iran no longer see the Iranian paid kidney donation model as a sustainable and ethically justifiable status quo. Briefly touching on the criticisms that have been made even by some positive commentators of the Iranian model, this commentary aims to call attention to the fact that the current dynamic within healthcare policymaking in Iran seeks primarily to decrease its reliance on the organ market instead of revising and modifying it. This complicates the plausibility of any kind of extrapolation, replication or extracting empirical support from the Iranian model to create organ markets in other countries, for example, as Fry-Revere suggests to conduct a trial of a financially incentivized kidney donation scheme in the US.
The conclusion is that the Iranian healthcare system should tackle the organ shortage through increasing altruistic living and postmortem kidney donations.
.Khosronejad, Aria; Navabi, Manijeh; Sakhdari, Shirin; Rakhshan, Vahid2017-01-01Background: Third molar development is the only available tool for estimating the age of individuals after puberty. Since this tooth has very high interethnic variability, formulas calculated to estimate the age from its development stages cannot be generalized to other populations and should be adjusted for each region. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate this method in a sample of Tehran individuals for the first time, and also to compare the development of third molars across sexes and arches, and to estimate cutoff developmental stages for legal minor/major identification. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 dental patients aged between 15 and 25 years old were prospectively enrolled, and their Demirjian stages were recorded. The associations between chronological age and Demirjian stages were evaluated. Dental formation was compared between sexes and jaws.
Cutoff stages were determined to identify legal minor/major cases (above or below 18 years old). Age estimation formula was found for this population. Results: Of the 150 included patients, 56 were males. The difference between the ages of males and females at each given developmental stage was nonsignificant (P 0.05), except for the H stage.
Age difference between same stage teeth of the maxilla and mandible was nonsignificant. Each of the G and H stages was significantly above 18 years old (P 0.05), except for the H stage. Age difference between same stage teeth of the maxilla and mandible was nonsignificant. Each of the G and H stages was significantly above 18 years old ( P 50 years) was observed.
Significant gender differences were found regarding inadequate intakes of calcium (21 - 76% for males vs. 45 - 93% for females), magnesium (92% vs. 100%), iron (0 vs. 15% for age group 40 - 50 years) and zinc (29 - 55% vs.Garrusi, Behshid; Garousi, Saeide; Baneshi, Mohammad R.2013-01-01Background: Body concerns and its health consequences such as eating disorders and harmful body change activities are mentioned in Asian countries. This study evaluates factors contributing to body image/shape changes in an Iranian population.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study we focused on four main body change activity (diet, exercise, substance use, and surgery) and their risk factors such as demographic variables, Body Mass Index (BMI), Media, Body-Esteem, Perceived Socio-cultural Pressure, Body dissatisfaction and, Self-Esteem. Approximately, 1,200 individuals between 14-55 years old participated in this study. We used a multistage sampling method. In each region, the first household was selected at random. The probability of outcomes was estimated from logistic models. Results: About 54.3% of respondents were females.
The mean (SD) of age was 31.06 (10.24) years. Variables such as gender, age, BMI, use of media and socio cultural factors as, body dissatisfaction, body-esteem and pressure by relatives were the main factors that influenced body change methods. In particular we have seen that male are 53% less likely to follow surgical treatments, but 125% were more likely to use substances. Conclusions: Investigation of body concern and its health related problem should be assessed in cultural context. For effectiveness of interventional programs and reducing harmful body image/shape changes activities, socio-cultural background should be noted. PMID:24049621.Rahimi-Sharbaf, Fatemeh; Tahmasebpour, Ahmad-Reza; Pirjani, Reihaneh; Ghaffari, Saeed Reza; Rahimi-Foroushani, Abbas2011-04-01To provide a normal reference range for nasal bone length (NBL) during the second trimester of pregnancy in an Iranian population.
This cross-sectional study was performed on 3201 fetuses at 15 to 28 weeks of gestational age (GA). Both singleton and twin fetuses were evaluated. The relationship between NBL and GA was determined and percentile values for each gestational week were provided. NBL measurement was obtained in 98% of singleton and 96% of twin fetuses.
There was a linear relationship between GA and NBL both in singleton (R(2) = 0.62) and in twin (R(2) = 0.74) fetuses. There was no significant difference between twins regarding NBL (p = 0.18). We have provided the normal reference range for NBL during the second trimester in an Iranian population.
NBL in singleton and twin fetuses is similar and there is no significant difference between twins regarding NBL. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Garrusi, Behshid; Garousi, Saeide; Baneshi, Mohammad R2013-08-01Body concerns and its health consequences such as eating disorders and harmful body change activities are mentioned in Asian countries. This study evaluates factors contributing to body image/shape changes in an Iranian population. In this cross-sectional study we focused on four main body change activity (diet, exercise, substance use, and surgery) and their risk factors such as demographic variables, Body Mass Index (BMI), Media, Body-Esteem, Perceived Socio-cultural Pressure, Body dissatisfaction and, Self-Esteem. Approximately, 1,200 individuals between 14-55 years old participated in this study. We used a multistage sampling method.
In each region, the first household was selected at random. The probability of outcomes was estimated from logistic models. About 54.3% of respondents were females. The mean (SD) of age was 31.06 (10.24) years. Variables such as gender, age, BMI, use of media and socio cultural factors as, body dissatisfaction, body-esteem and pressure by relatives were the main factors that influenced body change methods.
In particular we have seen that male are 53% less likely to follow surgical treatments, but 125% were more likely to use substances. Investigation of body concern and its health related problem should be assessed in cultural context. For effectiveness of interventional programs and reducing harmful body image/shape changes activities, socio-cultural background should be noted.Daryani, Ahmad; Sarvi, Shahabeddin; Aarabi, Mohsen; Mizani, Azadeh; Ahmadpour, Ehsan; Shokri, Azar; Rahimi, Mohammad-Taghi; Sharif, Mehdi2014-09-01Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most common protozoan parasites with widespread distribution globally.
It is the causative agent of Toxoplasma infection, which is prevalent in human and other warm-blooded vertebrates. Gondii infection in healthy people is usually asymptomatic, it can lead to serious pathological effects in congenital cases and immunodeficient patients. We sought to identify the seroprevalence rate of Toxoplasma infection in the Iranian general population to develop a comprehensive description of the disease condition in Iran for future use. Electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scopus) and Persian language databases (Magiran, Scientific Information Database SID, Iran Medex, and Iran Doc) were searched. Furthermore, graduate student dissertations and proceedings of national parasitology congresses were searched manually. Our search resulted in a total of 35 reports published from 1978 to 2012.These include 22 published articles, 1 unpublished study, 8 proceedings from the Iranian conference of parasitology, and 4 graduate student dissertations, resulting in 52,294 individuals and 23,385 IgG seropositive cases.
The random errors method was used for this meta-analysis. The result shows that the overall seroprevalence rate of toxoplasmos is among the general population in Iran was 39.3% (95% CI=33.0%-45.7%). There was no significant difference in the seroprevalence rate between male and female patients.
A significant linear trend of increasing overall prevalence by age was noted (P A was the most common with a frequency of 20.37%. The less frequent mutations, p.Arg261Gln (8%), p.Arg243Ter (7.4%), p.Leu48Ser (7.4%), p.Lys363Asnfs.37 (6.79%), c.969 + 5G A (6.17%), p.Pro281Leu (5.56), c.168 + 5G C (5.56), and p.Arg261Ter (4.94) together comprised about 52% of all mutant alleles. In this study, a total of seventeen PAH gene minihaplotypes were detected, six of which associated exclusively with particular mutations. Our findings indicate a broad PAH mutation spectrum in the Iranian population, which is consistent with previous studies reporting a wide range of PAH mutations, most likely due to ethnic heterogeneity. High prevalence of c.1066-11G A mutation linked to minihaplotype 7/250 among both Iranian and Mediterranean populations is indicative of historical and geographical links between them. Also, strong association between particular mutations and minihaplotypes.Ziapour, Seyyed Payman; Kheiri, Sadegh; Fazeli-Dinan, Mahmoud; Sahraei-Rostami, Farzaneh; Mohammadpour, Reza Ali; Aarabi, Mohsen; Nikookar, Seyed Hassan; Sarafrazi, Mohammad; Asgarian, Fatemeh; Enayati, Ahmadali; Hemingway, Janet2017-03-01Resistance to acaricides in ticks is becoming increasingly widespread throughout the world; therefore, tick control requires resistance monitoring for each tick species.
The aims of this study were to monitor the susceptibility status of the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae), against pyrethroid acaricides from Mazandaran Province, northern Iran, and where resistance was evident, and establish the possible underlying mechanisms. Fully engorged adult R. (B.) annulatus females collected on cattle from Mazandaran Province. Twenty-nine tick populations produced 10-18days old larvae and bioassayed with cypermethrin and λ-cyhalothrin by larval packet test and the levels of detoxification enzymes were measured. Population AM-29 had a maximum resistance ratio (RR 99 ) of 20.21 to cypermethrin and 53.57% of the tick populations were resistant at LC 99 level.
With λ-cyhalothrin, 17.86% of the tick populations were resistant and AM-29 was the most resistant population with RR 99 =4.54. AM-29 also showed significant elevation of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) (2.76- and 2.39-fold, respectively) (P0.05).
Its prevalence was 51.67% in the right and 48.33% in the left quadrants (P0.05), 34.1% in the mandible and 65.9% in the maxilla (P=0.000) and 79.52% in the second and 20.48% in the first molar (P=0.000). The prevalence of hypotaurodontism, mesotaurodontism and hypertaurodontism was 84.13%, 11.07% and 4.8%, respectively.
Conclusion: The prevalence of taurodont molars was high in Iran and it was more common in the second molars and in the maxilla. Hypotaurodontism had the highest prevalence.Rahimi, Saeed; Mokhtari, Hadi; Ranjkesh, Bahram; Johari, Masoomeh; Frough Reyhani, Mohammad; Shahi, Shahriar; Seif Reyhani, Sina2017-01-01Having knowledge about the anatomy of root canal system is essential for success of endodontic treatment. The present study used cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), to evaluate the prevalence of third root in mandibular first molars in a selected Iranian population.
A total of 386 CBCT images from subjects referred to oral and maxillofacial radiology department of dental faculty of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences from 2011 to 2013 were selected and evaluated for this study and the cases with well-developed permanent mandibular first molars were included. The 3D images were reconstructed in axial cross sections and evaluated by two endodontists for the presence of the third extra lingual (radix entomolaris) or buccal (radix paramolaris) root. The chi-squared test was used to evaluate the relationship between gender and bilateral incidence of extra roots in mandibular first molars. The distribution of three-rooted mandibular first molars with an additional root was 3%, (3.53% in female and 2.50% in male patients). There was no significant relationship between gender and bilateral occurrence of three-rooted mandibular first molars. The occurrence of three-rooted mandibular first molars in Iranian population is not uncommon which should be taken into consideration by the dental practitioners during root canal treatment of these teeth.Sharifi, Hamid; Shokoohi, Mostafa; Ahmad RafieiRad, Ali; Sargolzaie Moghadam, Maryam; Haghdoost, Ali-Akbar; Mirzazadeh, Ali; Karamouzian, Mohammad2017-07-29Despite the increasing prevalence of methamphetamine use among the young population in Iran, the body of literature on their methamphetamine use remains slim.
This study was designed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of Iranian youth about methamphetamine to help inform harm reduction policies catered towards young men and women. In a cross-sectional study using multistage sampling in 13 provinces, 4868 participants aged 15-29 years old were recruited. Knowledge, attitude and practices of youth about methamphetamine were assessed through a pilot-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were presented and potential associations were assessed using Chi-square test and independent samples t-test. Mean age ±SD of the participants was 21.8 ± 5.6 years, and 49.5% were women. Overall, 21.7% and 37.7% of the participants had high knowledge scores and positive attitudes, respectively. Among the 19-29 years old participants, ever methamphetamine use and injection was estimated at 5.74% (95% CI: 4.21, 7.90) and 1.8% (95% CI: 1.13, 2.83), respectively.
Shamsoddin Royanian Elham Omrani
Most (44.3%) had started methamphetamine use for fun and media (69.1%) was reported as their main source of information on methamphetamine use. Methamphetamine use is a concerning health problem among Iranian youth. Comprehensive multi-sectoral downstream and upstream interventions that involve educational settings, as well as media, are urgently needed to help reduce the burden of methamphetamine use among Iranian youth.Ghonsooly, Behzad; Hassanzadeh, Tahereh; Samavarchi, Laila; Hamedi, Seyyedeh Mina2017-01-01This study used a mixed- methods approach to investigate Iranian EFL learners' attitudes towards demotivating factors which may hinder their success in a language learning course.
In the quantitative phase, a sample of 337 undergraduate students from universities in Mashhad, Yazd and Gonabad completed a 34-item questionnaire. They also completed.Khoshsima, Hooshang; Sayadi, Fatemeh2016-01-01This study aimed at investigating the effect of virtual language learning method on Iranian intermediate EFL learners writing ability. The study was conducted with 20 English Translation students at Chabahar Maritime University who were assigned into two groups, control and experimental, after ensuring of their homogeneity by administering a TOEFL.Ghaznavi, Habib; Soheili, Zahra; Samiei, Shahram; Soltanpour, Mohammad Soleiman2015-12-01Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a common but elusive condition characterized by a high morbidity and mortality rate. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism with plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels and DVT risk in an Iranian population. Our study population consisted of 67 patients with a diagnosis of DVT and 67 healthy subjects as controls. Genotyping of MTHFR C677T polymorphism was performed by the polymerase chain reaction technique combined with restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and measurement of tHcy levels was done by enzyme immunoassay method.
Plasma tHcy levels were significantly higher in DVT patients than controls (18.09±7.6 vs. 10.5±4.3, P=0.001). Also, plasma tHcy levels were significantly higher in MTHFR 677TT genotypes compared to 677CC genotypes in both DVT patients (P=0.016) and controls (P=0.03). Neither heterozygote nor homozygote genotypes of MTHFR C677T polymorphism was significantly correlated with DVT (P0.05). The distribution of MTHFR C677T genotypes was similar between men and women in both DVT patients and controls (P0.05). Moreover, the frequency of mutant 677T allele did not differ significantly between the two groups (28.3% vs. 21.6%, P=0.15).
Based on this study, we propose that hyperhomocysteinemia but not homozygosity for MTHFR C677T polymorphism is a significant risk factor for DVT in the Iranian population. Also, MTHFR 677TT genotype is a determinant of elevated plasma tHcy levels.Mahmoudi Rad, M; Zafarghandi, S; Abbasabadi, B; Tavallaee, M2011-04-01Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a common infection among women worldwide.
According to previous epidemiological studies, Candida albicans is the most common species of Candida. The prevalence of non-Candida species, however, is increasing. Identification of Candida species among the population will not only help health professionals to choose suitable antifungal treatments, but also prevent development of drug resistance. The aim of this study was to identify, using chromogenic agar medium, the Candida species associated with vulvovaginal candidiasis among a sample of the Iranian population. In a prospective cohort study during a two year period from March 2006 to March 2008, swab samples of vaginal discharge/secretion were taken from 200 patients admitted to the gynecology clinic of Mahdieh Hospital (Tehran, Iran) with a clinical presentation suggestive of vulvovaginal candidiasis.
The isolates obtained were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar and chromogenic agar medium. Candida species were also identified by germ tube formation in serum, chlamydospore production on Corn Meal Agar and carbohydrate absorption using the API 20C-AUX kit. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire investigating the risk factors associated with candidiasis. An assessment of the different species of recurrent and non-recurrent candidiasis was also made. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and t-test were used to analyze the data. A total of 191 isolates were obtained from 175 vaginal specimens.
Candida albicans accounted for 67% of the strains including single and mixed infections. The other identified species were Candida glabrata (18.3%), Candida tropicalis (6.8%), Candida krusei (5.8%), Candida parapsilosis (1.6%), and Candida guilliermondii (0.5%) respectively. Mixed infection with two or more species of Candida was seen in 10.3% of patients. The most common mixed cause was the combination of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. Participants who were sexually active.2005-11-01Frequencies of alleles and genotypes for alcohol dehydrogenase gene ADH1B (arg47his polymorphism), associated with alcohol tolerance/sensitivity, were determined. It was demonstrated that the frequency of allele ADH1B.47his, corresponding to atypical alcohol dehydrogenase variant in Russians, Ukrainians, Iranians, and mountain-dwellers of the Pamirs constituted 3, 7, 24, and 22%, respectively.
The frequencies established were consistent with the allele frequency distribution pattern among the populations of Eurasia. Russians and Ukrainians were indistinguishable from other European populations relative to the frequency of allele ADH1B.47his, and consequently, relative to specific features of ethanol metabolic pathways. The data obtained provide refinement of the geographic pattern of ADH1B.47his frequency distribution in Eurasia.Voisin, P; Assaei, R G; Heidary, A; Varzegar, R; Zakeri, F; Durand, V; Sorokine-Durm, I2000-11-01To report 18 months of cytogenetic follow-up for an Iranian worker accidentally overexposed to 192Ir, the mathematical extrapolation and comparison with clinical data. Unstable chromosome aberrations were measured using conventional cytogenetic tests by French and Iranian biological dosimetry laboratories on five occasions after the exposure. The decrease in dicentrics over time was analysed mathematically. In addition, Dolphin and Qdr extrapolations were applied to the data to check the exposure estimates.
FISH determination of translocation yields was performed twice by the French laboratory and the results compared with the Dolphin and Qdr corrected values. Dose estimates based on dicentrics decreased from 3.1 +/- 0.4 Gy at 5 days after the accident to 0.8 +/- 0.2 Gy at 529 days. This could be fitted by double-exponential regression with an inflexion point between rapid and slow decrease of dicentrics after about 40 days. Dose estimates of 3.4 +/- 0.4 Gy for the Qdr model and 3.6 +/- 0.5 Gy for the Dolphin model were calculated during the post-exposure period and were remarkably stable. FISH translocation data at 26 and 61 days appeared consistent with the Dolphin and Qdr estimates.
Dose correction by the Qdr and Dolphin models and translocation scoring appeared consistent with the clinical data and provided better information about the radiation injury than did crude estimates from dicentric scoring alone. Estimation by the Dolphin model of the irradiated fraction of the body seemed unreliable: it correlated better with the fraction of originally irradiated lymphocytes.Mehrvarzfar, Payman; Akhlagi, Nahid Mohammadzade; Khodaei, Fatemeh; Shojaee, Golnaz; Shirazi, Sara2014-01-01Background: Management of canal isthmus is considered as an important factor for successful endodontic treatment.
Accordingly, this study was designed to determine the prevalence, location, and types of isthmus in mesial root canals of extracted mandibular molars in a sample of Iranian population. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 60 extracted molars with two mesial canals were included. The samples were initially decoronated and then, roots were sectioned horizontally at 2, 4, and 6 mm levels from the apex via a low-speed handpiece with a thin metallic disk and finally prepared and stained with Indian ink.
All sections were examined using a stereomicroscope at a magnification of ×30. Prevalence, location, and types of isthmus were evaluated based on the classifications by Kim and Teixeira and all data were statistically analyzed by the chi-squared test. The statistical significance level was established at 0.05. Results: Eighty-three percent of extracted mandibular molars had an isthmus at the mesial root.
This prevalence increased with distance from the apex, that is, 92% at 6 mm from the apex and 70% at 2 mm from the apex. A statistically significant difference was found between the sections at 2 and 6 mm from the apex (P 0.05).
Conclusion: Isthmus is very common in the mesial roots of the mandibular permanent molars in the Iranian population, with the highest prevalence in the 6 mm distance from the root apex. Therefore, detection, cleaning, and filling of these apical 6 mm isthmuses are of great benefit in modern endodontics. PMID:24932198.Galavi, Hamidreza; Noorzehi, Nafiseh; Saravani, Ramin; Sargazi, Saman; Mollashahee-Kohkan, Fatemeh; Shahraki, Hojat2018-06-20Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) as an important metabolic disorder is accompanied by dysregulation in lipid metabolism.
Sterol regulatory element-binding factor-2 (SREBF-2) gene has a substantive role in lipid metabolism. Recently published report indicated the overexpression of this gene in diabetic patients. So, in this preliminary study we evaluated the effects of three common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs1052717G/A, rs2267439C/T, and rs2267443G/A in risk of T2D in a sample of Iranian population. Present case-control study consists of 250 patients with endocrinologically approved T2D and 250 healthy controls. The variants genotyped by using tetra amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (Tetra ARMS-PCR) method. The findings demonstrated that the rs2267439C/T polymorphism increased the risk of T2D in all measured inheritance models (Codominant1; p = 0.003, codominant2; p = 0.014, dominant; p + 3.00 diopters (D), spherical refraction -5.00 D, or cylindrical refraction 2.00 D.
All of the parameters were measured by the same operator through an Orbscan II device. Results: A total of 977 healthy participants who aged 18 to 45 years were included consecutively. The study population consisted of 614 females and 363 males. The average angle kappa was 5.00º ± 1.36º at 240.21º ± 97.17º in males and 4.97º ± 1.30º at 244.22º ± 94.39º in females (P = 0.63).
The average horizontal (x-axis) angle kappa was -0.02º ± 0.49º, with a mean of -0.02º ± 0.50º in males and -0.02º ± 0.49º in females (P = 0.93). The average vertical (y-axis) angle kappa was -0.09º ± 0.32º, with a mean of -0.09º ± 0.33º in males and -0.09º ± 0.32º in females (P = 0.74). Conclusions: By using the normal angle kappa determined in this study, pseudodeviations can be identified more precisely in those who might undergo keratorefractive surgery. PMID:25763261.Rahimi, M; Ghanbari, M; Fazeli, Z; Rouzrokh, M; Omrani, S; Mirfakhraie, R; Omrani, M D2017-04-01Hypospadias is one of the most common forms of congenital malformation of the male external genitalia worldwide.
The ratio in the Iranian population is one in 250 live male births. The conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the presence of steroid 5α-reductase 2, which is encoded by SRD5A2 gene, plays an important role in the normal development of the male reproductive system. We examined whether SRD5A2 gene mutations (V89L and A49T polymorphisms) are associated with the risk of hypospadias in the Iranian population. We performed exons sequencing for SRD5A2 gene in 109 hypospadias patients. We identified two new mutations in the subgroups of affected cases: including a substitution of the nucleotide T A in the codon 73 c.219T A (p.Leu73Ser74insHisPro) and an insertion of an extra A nucleotide in the codon 77 c.229insA. (p.Gly77.). Additionally, we performed PCR-RFLP for the two identified polymorphisms and revealed that V89L OR = 5.8, 95% CI (3.8-8.8), p value 0.05).
Our study shows a close relatedness between Yazd population and other ethnic group of Iran despite some differences, which may be due to admixture of each one of these groups with each other or foreigner subpopulations during centuries. Moreover, the results of this study suggest that the Iranian population from Yazd province is in close vicinity with the Caucasians populations and far from the Korean and Japanese populations.Dastgheib, Seyed Alireza; Gartland, Alison; Tabei, Seyed Mohammad Bagher; Omrani, Gholamhossein Ranjbar; Teare, Marion Dawn2016-01-01The genetic epidemiology of variation in bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis is not well studied in Iranian populations and needs more research. We report a candidate gene association study of BMD variation in a healthy cross-sectional study of 501 males and females sampled from the Iranian Multi-Centre Osteoporosis Study, Shiraz, Iran. We selected to study the association with 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the 7 candidate genes LRP5, RANK, RANKL, OPG, P2RX7, VDR, and ESR1. BMD was measured at the three sites L2-L4, neck of femur, and total hip. Association between BMD and each SNP was assessed using multiple linear regression assuming an allele dose (additive effect) on BMD (adjusted for age and sex). Statistically significant (at the unadjusted 5% level) associations were seen with seven SNPs in five of the candidate genes.
Two SNPs showed statistically significant association with more than one BMD site. Significant association was seen between BMD at all the three sites with the VDR SNP rs731246 (L2-L4 p = 0.038; neck of femur p = 0.001; and total hip p.Saremi, L; Lotfipanah, S; Mohammadi, M; Hosseinzadeh, H; Sayad, A; Saltanatpour, Z2016-10-31To determine whether the HFE gene variants H63D and C282Y are associated with NAFLD in persons with type 2 diabetes, we conducted a case-control study including 145 case of NAFLD patients with a history of type 2 diabetes and 145 matching control. The genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral venous blood and the genotyping of HFE gene mutations was analyzed using the PCR-RFLP technique. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 12.0 software by χ2 test, t test and ANOVA (P0.05). Conclusion: For the first time, this study results revealed that this SMAD7 polymorphism couldn’t be a potential risk factor for CRC or a prognostic biomarker for prediction of clinicopathological features in an Iranian population. A large-scale case-control study is needed to validate our results. PMID:25289133.Ghadyani, Fariba; Tahririan, Mohammad Hassan2014-01-01To determine the issue of whether there were any significant differences between the groups including Iran ISI, Iran non- ISI, and native authors in binary comparisons as for employing interactional markers, the present study was conducted.
To collect the data, 90 ' method sections' of English medical research articles within Iranian ISI,.Bazzaz, J T; Nazari, M; Nazem, H; Amiri, P; Fakhrzadeh, H; Heshmat, R; Abbaszadeh, S; Amoli, M M2010-01-01Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is known as a major regulator of blood lipid levels in humans. A number of APOE gene allelic variants have been reported including E2, E3 and E4. Recent studies suggested a role for APOE in obesity and increased Body Mass Index (BMI) and plasma lipid levels in obese children. The aim of this study was to examine the association between APOE genetic variants and the BMI and lipid profile in an Iranian cohort. Samples were obtained from subjects who participated in a study based on the WHO-designed MONICA (multinational monitoring of trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease) study for coronary artery disease risk assessment in Zone 17 of Tehran. The study was approved by the local ethical committee. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects included in this study.
Subjects (n=320) were recruited. The level of triglyceride (TG) and total serum cholesterol was tested for all subjects in this study.
Genotyping for APOE was carried using polymerase chain reaction-Restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)technique. Levels of significance were determined using contingency tables by either Chi-square or Fisher exact analysis using the STATA (v8) software. The analysis of regression and significance of differences for level of cholesterol and TG was established by one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett post hoc multiple comparison tests using SPSS software Version 11.5. The frequency of allele E2 was significantly higher in patients with total serum cholesterol level.Kiani, J; Hajilooi, M; Furst, D; Rezaei, H; Shahryari-Hesami, S; Kowsarifard, S; Zamani, A; Solgi, G2015-08-01This study aimed to determine the HLA-DRB1/HLA-DQB1 susceptibility and protection pattern for type 1 diabetes (T1D) in a population from Hamadan, north-west of Iran. A total of 133 patients with T1D were tested for HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles using PCR-SSP compared to 100 ethnic-matched healthy controls. Alleles and haplotypes frequencies were compared between both groups.
The most susceptible alleles for disease were HLA-DRB1.03:01, DRB1.04:02, DQB1.02:01 and DQB1.03:02, and protective alleles were HLA-DRB1.07:01,.11:01,.13:01,.14:01 and DRB1.15 and HLA-DQB1.06:01,.06:02 and.06:03. Haplotype analysis revealed that patients with T1D had higher frequencies of DRB1.03:01-DQB1.02:01 (OR = 4.86, P 50% stenosis; with the remaining 181 patients having T) is one of these variants with a mutation at codon 94 of of the α2-globin gene that is characterized in clinically normal heterozygous individuals. We here report clinical and hematological findings in two homozygous cases of Iranian origin for this unstable Hb variant.Talebi, Maryam; Parisay, Iman; Sarraf, Ali; Mazhari, Fateme2010-10-14The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate equations for predicting the size of unerupted canines and premolars during the mixed dentition period in an Iranian population. This cross-sectional analysis was performed on 106 subjects (52 girls, 54 boys, aged 13-15 years). Data were obtained from dental cast by making direct measurements of the maximum mesiodistal widths of all mandibular and maxillary incisors, canines, premolars, and first molars with an electronic digital sliding caliper, with an accuracy of ± 0.02 mm and repeatability of ± 0.01 mm. The results were statistically analyzed using Student t tests, Pearson product-moment coefficients, and ANOVA tests.
Correlation coefficients (r) and error variance of estimates were determined using a significance level of p0.05). Conclusions The frequencies of ABO alleles didn’t show significant differences between East Azerbaijan province population and that of other areas of the country. Meanwhile, statistical analysis of frequencies of A and B alleles between East Azerbaijan province population and neighbor countries showed significant differences whereas the frequency of allele O between them did not show significant difference (P0.05). PMID:23678461.Khazaee-Pool, Maryam; Pashaei, Tahereh; Jahangiry, Leila; Ponnet, Koen; Gholami, Ali2017-06-07It is widely accepted that a healthy lifestyle may decrease the probability of developing cancer. This study aimed to describe a study protocol that makes it possible to explore preventive health lifestyles of Iranian women and their received social support for the purpose of developing cultural strategies to increase breast cancer prevention. A mixed- methods study will be accomplished in two sequential parts. First, a cross-sectional study will be conducted in which 2,250 Iranian women are recruited by using a random multistage cluster sampling of 20 health care centers.
Structured face-to-face interviews will be conducted to obtain information on the participants' health lifestyle and perceived social support. Data will be analyzed using both multivariate regression and structural equation modeling techniques. Then, a qualitative study will be conducted among employed women using a purposive sampling design. Data will be collected by means of focus groups and semi-structured interviews and will be analyzed using a conventional content analysis approach. The results of the quantitative and qualitative study will be used to develop breast cancer preventive strategies. Researchers need to acquire knowledge regarding the lifestyle and perceived social support of Iranian women that will foster culturally competent approaches to promote healthy lifestyles to develop breast cancer preventive strategies. Examining breast cancer preventive lifestyles provides valuable information for designing applicable intervention programs for improving women's health.Mostafavi, Salva Sadat; Ebrahimi, Ahmad; Sadat, Seyed Mehdi; Davari Tanha, Fatemeh; Aghasadeghi, Mohammad Reza; Bahramali, Golnaz; Abbasi Ranjbar, Parinaz; Sadeghifard, Vida; Javadi, Foozieh2016-04-01Few studies have investigated the role of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes in uterine leiomyoma.
Therefore, in the current study the distribution of these genotypes in Iranian women and susceptibility to uterine leiomyoma was investigated. Blood samples of 50 patients with uterine leiomyoma and 50 healthy individual controls were collected in this cross-sectional study. Genomic DNA was extracted, and subsequently GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes were detected by the Gap-polymerase chain reaction method. A total of 42% of patients appeared to lack GSTM1 enzyme activity due to the presence of an extended deletion (GSTM1 0/0 genotype), compared with 18% in a control group (odds ratio OR, 3.56; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.35-9.37; P 0.05). Conclusion: Reduced plasma level of NO is associated with increased risk of CAD in our population.
Moreover, eNOS G894T polymorphism is a significant risk factor for CAD development via reducing the plasma levels of NO. However, eNOS G894T polymorphism is not a contributing factor for the severity of CAD.
PMID:27699157.Razmi, Hasan; Shokouhinejad, Noushin; Hooshyar, Mohsen2008-01-01The purpose of this study was to evaluate the number of distal roots and canals in mandibular first molars and their internal anatomy radiographically within Iranian population. A total of 310 distal roots of mandibular first molars were incorporated in this study and evaluated in terms of number of roots and number and types of canals. Root canal systems were studied in vitro by means of radiography and based on Vertucci's classifications. It was shown that 4.5% of the teeth in this study had two distal roots, of which, 100% indicated type I for both distobuccal and distolingual roots. Among all the teeth, 43.2% had two canals, 24.2% two apical foramina, and 38.7% two orifices in their distal roots.
According to Vertucci's classification 54.9% of the teeth were type I, 19% type II, 1.9% type III, 14.2% type IV, 4.2% type V, 1% type VI, 0.3% type VII and 0% type VIII. In as many as 43.2% of all teeth assessed in this study, bicanaled distal roots were observed, dentists are always recommended to search for the second canal in distal roots of mandibular first molars. In case the second canal in the distal root is missed, failure of endodontic treatment will be anticipated.
A rectangular type access cavity design allows better visualization and negotiation of the probable second canals within the distal roots of mandibular first molars.Jamshidi, Ahmad-Reza; Banihashemi, Arash Tehrani; Paragomi, Pedram; Hasanzadeh, Maryam; Barghamdi, Mozhgan; Ghoroghi, Shima2016-08-01Psychiatric disorders occur in a considerable proportion of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was conducted in order to evaluate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in Iranian RA patients. In the cross sectional study, 414 RA patients were enrolled prospectively during a period of 6 months from RA clinic of Rheumatology Research Center. Beck's and Cattell's inventories were applied to investigate depression and anxiety in RA patients.
RA activity was measured by Disease Activity Score and patients' disability was assessed by Health Assessment Questionnaire. Levels of pain perception were stratified based on Visual Analog Scale. The prevalence of depression was 63.6% and anxiety was in 84.1% among RA patients. Mixed anxiety and depression was detected in 60.2% of the study population.
Functional disability was significantly associated with severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms (p 0.05) and any genotypes in any genetic models were not significantly different between cases and controls (P 0.05). As a result, Fok-I and Taq-I showed significant association with risk of MS, while Apa-I and Bsm-I were not observed to be related to the risk of the disease in this population.2012-01-01Background To prevent burn injuries it is vital to have sound information on predictors of its occurrence in different settings. Ardabil Province is the coldest province of Iran with high burden of burn injuries. The aim of this study was to determine the household related predictors of unintentional burns in Ardabil Province located at North-West of Iran. Methods The study was conducted through a hospital based case–control design. 239 burn victims as well as 246 hospital-based controls were enrolled.
Both bivariate and multivariate analysis methods were used. Results Males comprised 55.2% of all the study subjects. Mean age of the participants was 21.8 years (95% CI: 19.17-24.4). The economic ability of the households was associated with risk of burn injuries.
Multivariate conditional logistic regression results showed the following variables to be independent factors associated with burn injuries. Using non-conventional pipe-less air heaters instead of conventional piped kerosene- or gas-burning heaters (Odds ratio: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.1-3.6). Common use of picnic gas-stove for cooking at home (odds ratio = 1.6, 95%CI: 1–2.4). Using electric samovars instead of other types of samovars (Odds ratio = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1-1).
Using samovars lacking the national standard authorization mark (Odds ratio = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.4-3.6). Conclusion Using some types of specific heating or cooking appliances, and unsafe use of conventional appliances were major risk predictors of burn injuries in this population. PMID:22571762.Ainy, Elaheh; Soori, Hamid; Ganjali, Mojtaba; Basirat, B.
Comments are closed.
|
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |